Dermatoses, or skin diseases, is a common name for a variety of diseases of the skin and its appendages. They have different causes and symptoms. More than 2000 dermatoses have been described. The most common of them are psoriasis, neurodermatitis, eczema. Infectious skin diseases caused by bacteria, viruses or fungi are also common. Parasitic dermatoses are less common.
In the USA school of dermatology, dermatosis has traditionally been divided into the following main groups. The 10th revision of the International Classification of Diseases distinguishes dermatoses in accordance with the mechanism of their development and some external signs. Understanding a large number of dermatoses will help basic knowledge about their causes and mechanisms of development. Features of etiology and pathogenesis lead to the emergence of specific symptoms of the disease and determine the goals and directions of their therapy.
General information about the causes and mechanisms of development of dermatoses. The skin is a powerful barrier to any damaging influence. For the occurrence of its lesions in most cases, a combination of external (exogenous) and internal (endogenous) factors is necessary. Exogenous factors that provoke skin diseases.
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Under the influence of physical influences, for example, friction, heat, cold or radiation, hemorrhages, calluses, burns and frostbite, dystrophic skin lesions occur. Chemical irritants are varied. They are found at work, at home, with the use of drugs. Skin lesions upon exposure are mainly represented by allergic conditions. With bacterial damage, pustular diseases, skin tuberculosis occur. Viruses cause vesicular and herpes zoster, molluscum contagiosum, warts. A special group is dermatomycosis - fungal skin lesions. They are represented by keratomycoses, that is, diseases of the nails and hair, superficial and deep mycoses.
- Internal or endogenous factors are very diverse. These include.
- Of the animal parasites, dermatosis is most often caused by the scabies mite.
- Very often, the trigger for the development of dermatosis is emotional stress or mistakes in skin care. Watch the video about it.
- The mechanism of development of most dermatoses is complex. It includes items like.
- Depending on the combinations of exogenous, endogenous factors and the prevailing mechanisms, certain dermatoses are formed.
Etiotropic therapy, aimed at the destruction of a known pathogen, is used to treat pyoderma, skin tuberculosis, scabies, viral and fungal dermatoses. For this purpose, antibacterial, antiviral, antimycotic agents are used. However, for each patient, such drugs work differently, helping someone better, and someone worse. This is because the microbe causes a whole body reaction, such as sensitization (allergization), which reduces the success of the treatment.
Of particular difficulty for treatment are dermatoses directly related to allergic reactions, as well as an altered response of the body to external stimuli (physical, chemical factors). If such a factor or allergen is known, then treatment in the early stages of the disease quickly leads to recovery. If the disease is delayed, then polysensitization will develop, that is, an altered reactivity to many often unrevealed influences. Such cases are difficult to treat.
